使用 FEKO 表征 Murchison 宽场阵列光束方向图
技术
- 分析与建模 - 数字孪生/模拟
- 网络与连接 - 射频识别
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关于客户
本案例研究中的客户是默奇森宽场阵列 (MWA) 射电望远镜，它是平方公里阵列 (SKA) 的前身。 MWA 位于西澳大利亚的默奇森射电天文台。它由 128 个块组成，每个块由 16 个均匀分布的天线单元组成，采用 4×4 配置，间隔 1.1 m。本案例研究中介绍的工作重点是电子转向相控阵，其中转向是通过向阵列中的每个元件引入相位延迟来实现的。相控阵天线具有方向相关的主波束。为了正确校准射电望远镜收集的数据并对其进行成像，必须准确了解波束方向图。
挑战
默奇森宽场阵列 (MWA) 射电望远镜是平方公里阵列 (SKA) 的前身，在表征其光束方向图方面面临着挑战。阵列的光束方向图可以通过测量来确定，但这种方法非常耗时并且需要专门的设备。因此，基于模拟的方法被认为是最实用的。波束方向图是 16 个阵列元件中每个元件以及系统工作频率的函数。为了对模式进行建模，每个阵列元件都必须在工作频带内的不同频率下独立激励。然后可以在任意转向方向上对全阵列波束方向图进行建模。以前，波束方向图的模拟是使用分析模型进行的，但需要更严格的方法来模拟完整的阵列几何形状。
解决方案
Altair 的电磁仿真工具 FEKO 用于克服本案例研究中面临的挑战。由于需要分析大量不同的配置，FEKO 的自动化在自动设置不同配置方面发挥了关键作用，从而节省了大量时间。还需要 FEKO 的球形模式远场表示来重建阵列波束方向图，并在方位角和天顶角上具有可调分辨率。使用了 FEKO 的矩量法 (MoM) 求解器，众所周知，该求解器可以准确且高效地解决具有这些属性的问题。该阵列是在 5x5m 的实心接地平面上建模的。每个 LNA 由集总 RLC 电路表示，该电路连接到每个阵列元件的馈电端口。阵列下方的地面使用 FEKO 的平面多层基底模型进行建模，具有含水量为 2% 的土壤的典型介电常数和电导率。
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